رسانه‌ها یکسال پسا طالبان؛ تهدید، شکنجه، وضع محدودیت و سانسور

توسط Nooragha Sharifi

«دیدگاه» بیان‌گر نظریات صاحب‌نظران است و آماج‌نیوز در این مورد «پالیسی توازن» را دنبال می‌کند و از دیدگاه تمامی طرف‌ها استقبال و نشر می‌کند.

آزادی بیان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین دست‌آوردهای مردم افغانستان و جامعه جهانی در بیست سال گذشته به شمار می‌رفت که متاسفانه بیش از صدها قربانی برای تعمیم و ترویج این امر مهم دادیم و اکثر همکاران ما توسط همین گروه حاکم «طالبان» در بیست سال پسین شهید شدند.

طالبان در ۱۵ اگست ۲۰۲۱ برای بار دوم با مسلط شدن بر افغانستان بار دیگر دشمنی خود را با آزادی بیان با روش‌های چون شکنجه، بازداشت، سانسور و تهدید خبرنگاران و فعالان این بخش آغاز کردند.

با گذشت یکسال از حاکمیت طالبان در افغانستان بیش از صد خبرنگار توسط نهادهای چون استخبارات و امر به معروف و نهی از منکر بازداشت، تهدید، شکنجه و اکثرا روانه زندان شدند.

بیش از ۲۵۰ رسانه به‌دلیل وضع محدودیت و سانسور از فعالیت باز مانده و بیش از ۹۰ درصد بانوان خبرنگار شغل شان را از دست دادند و تعداد معدودی بانوان با وضع محدودیت های دشوار چون ماسک و حجاب اجباری باید به پرده ظاهر شوند.

بر اساس گزارش سازمان گزارش‌گران بدون مرز جایگاه آزادی رسانه‌ها در افغانستان از رتبه ۱۲۲ در سال گذشته به ۱۵۶ سقوط کرده است.

نبود پالیسی داخلی و عدم دسترسی به اطلاعات:

متاسفانه با حاکمیت طالبان بر افغانستان تمام قوانین داخلی «قانون اساسی، قانون رسانه‌ها، قانون حق دسترسی به اطلاعات و مقرره‌ها، لایحه‌ها و طرزالعمل‌ها» لغو و هیچ‌گونه چارچوب حقوقی و اخلاقی برای تولید و نشر برنامه‌ها وجود ندارد، بنا تمام رسانه‌های آزاد براساس خواست و سفارش طالبان مجبور به تولید و نشر برنامه‌ها اند و حتا پیام‌های بازرگانی نیز بعد از تاییدی استخبارات طالبان نشر می‌گردد.

در بسا مواقع طالبان مدیران رسانه‌ها را احضار و از آن‌ها برای سفارشات خویش کتبا تعهدنامه اخذ می‌کنند که دو تن از همکاران قبلی‌ام که مدیر دو رسانه داخلی بودند این مورد را حکایه کردند.

خبرنگاران در تهیه گزارش‌های خبری و تولیدی و انتخاب و همآهنگی مهمان‌ها در برنامه‌های سیاسی شان مجبور اند که با استخبارات طالبان همآهنگی کنند ورنه پس از نشر برنامه و نقد ساختار حاکم توسط مهمانان دعوت شده، مسوولان تهدید و شکنجه یا هم بازداشت می‌شوند که می‌توان درین مورد از استاد فیض الله جلال و آقای باقر محسنی نام برد.

طالبان گذشته از رسانه‌های سنتی ( تلویزیون، رادیو و نشرات چاپی) بر شبکه‌های اجتماعی نیز محدودیت وضع کردند و آقای اجمل حقیقی، مسوول کانال یوتیوب حقیقی و همکاران شان را بعد از شکنجه شدید و اعتراف اجباری به زندان انداختند که متاسفانه تا هنوز هم از سرنوشت آن‌ها خبری در دست نیست.

مبارزه برای بقا یا تبعید از کشور:

بازداشت های خودسرانه، حملات و تهدید طالبان باعث شده است تا طیف وسیعی از خبرنگاران و مدیران رسانه‌ها در تلاش زنده ماندن یا هم فرار از خطرناک‌ترین سرزمین برای روزنامه‌نگاری باشند.

بر اساس گزارش سازمان گزارش‌گران بدون مرز از میان ۱۱۸۵۷ خبرنگار و کارمند رسانه‌ای، تنها ۴۷۵۹ نفر در کار خود باقی مانده است و بقیه یا از وظیفه شان استعفا یا هم در تبعید بسر می‌برند. بر اساس این گزارش از هر چهار خبرنگار مسلکی، سه تن از آن ها کار خود را از دست داده اند.

با فروپاشی نظام جمهوری، بیش از ۲۵۰ هزار تن به شمول خبرنگاران، فعالان حقوق بشر و جامعه مدنی به کشورهای همسایه آواره شده اند و متاسفانه تعدادی زیادی از این‌ها به کشور پاکستان از ماه‌ها بدین سو با وضعیت دشوار و رقت بار دست و پنجه نرم می‌کند و هیچ سازمان و نهادی به صدای آن‌ها پاسخ نمی‌دهد.

چه باید کرد؟

برای اینکه مردم افغانستان به فراموشی سپرده نشود و از ظلم و استبداد که بر آن‌ها روا داشته می‌شود جامعه جهانی و دنیا آگاه شود باید از رسانه های داخلی به شکل جدی آن حمایت صورت گیرد.

تنها خبرنگاران داخلی اند که می‌توانند رویدادها را مستند و آن را عمومی سازند ورنه از راه دور و با فرستادن چند روز معدود خبرنگاران خارجی نمی‌توان از آنچه در زیر پوست این کشور می‌گذرد را اطلاع رسانی کرد.

اگر دنیا و جامعه جهانی می‌خواهد از آزادی بیان حمایت کند مکلف به حمایت از رسانه‌های داخلی اند و این حمایت، دادن آزادی به آن‌ها و فشار بر طالبان است که تا خبرنگاران بتوانند داستان مردم را مستند ساخته و روایت کنند و جامعه جهانی در هر گفت‌وگو با طالبان بحث آزادی بیان و رسانه‌ها باید در اولولیت خویش قرار دهد.

پست‌های مرتبط

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